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3 MIN READ

Account deep-dives.
The tax-advantaged toolbox.

The existing /personal-finance/ page covers the standard 401(k) and Roth IRA. This section goes deeper into the accounts most people don't know about: the Solo 401(k) for the self-employed, the SEP-IRA, the HSA as a stealth retirement account, the 529 for college savings, and the 457(b) governmental plan. Each has a specific role in a legal tax-minimization playbook.

READING TIME: 5 MIN

Not a CPA or financial advisor. This is education, not tax or investment advice. Contribution limits, eligibility rules, and account features change annually. Anything marked [VERIFY] needs to be confirmed against current IRS publications before you act. For material decisions, hire a CPA.

THE SHORT VERSION

The IRS gives a short list of accounts where income grows tax-free or tax-deferred. The 401(k) and Roth IRA are the famous two. The other five in this section are where the real leverage sits: a Solo 401(k) can shelter $70K/yr of self-employment income, an HSA is the only triple-tax-advantaged account in the code, a 529 has a new rollover to Roth path, and a governmental 457(b) lets early retirees access funds with no penalty. Pick the ones that fit your job and your life stage.

The toolbox

Each card is its own deep-dive. Skim the descriptions, click into whichever account matches your work situation.

SELF-EMPLOYED
The most powerful account for solo operators. You contribute as employee and employer. Roth option. Bitcoin-capable via self-directed providers. $70K combined cap in 2026 [VERIFY].
SELF-EMPLOYED
Simpler than a Solo 401(k). Employer-only contributions up to 25% of net self-employment income. No Form 5500. No Roth bucket. Ten minutes to open.
HEALTH
The only triple-tax-advantaged account in the tax code. Deduct, grow tax-free, withdraw tax-free for medical. Best used as a stealth retirement account with the "shoebox" strategy.
COLLEGE
State-sponsored education savings with a tax deduction in most states. Post-SECURE 2.0, unused balances can roll to the beneficiary's Roth IRA. Not always better than a Roth for college.
GOVT / NONPROFIT
Underused gem for public-sector workers. No 10% early-withdrawal penalty ever. Stackable with a 403(b) at the full limit. Teachers, firefighters, police, federal employees.

Which account applies to you

Decision helper. Pick the first branch that matches your situation:

  • Self-employed with no employees (or just a spouse)? Start with the Solo 401(k). If you want zero paperwork, use a SEP-IRA instead.
  • Enrolled in an HSA-eligible HDHP? Max the HSA before anything else past the 401(k) match. It is the best account in the tax code.
  • High income with kids headed to college? Compare a 529 against a Roth IRA honestly. State tax deduction size decides.
  • Government employee or 501(c)(3) nonprofit staff? Look at your 457(b) options. If you also have a 403(b), you can stack both at the full limit.
  • W-2 employee with a regular 401(k) and Roth IRA only? The existing /personal-finance/ playbook is enough. Come back here when the situation changes.

Most people never touch half of these accounts because nobody tells them they exist. A teacher with a 457(b) and a 403(b) and an HSA can shelter over $55K/yr of income from federal tax without ever doing anything exotic. The accounts are already in the code. You just have to open them.

2026 contribution limits [VERIFY]

Quick reference. All figures are preliminary until IRS publishes final 2026 inflation adjustments. Catch-up amounts apply at age 50+ unless noted.

ACCOUNT 2026 LIMIT [VERIFY] CATCH-UP
401(k) / 403(b) employee deferral $23,500 +$7,500
Solo 401(k) combined cap $70,000 +$7,500
SEP-IRA (employer only) $70,000 or 25% of net SE income N/A
Roth / Traditional IRA $7,000 +$1,000
HSA (family) $8,550 +$1,000 (age 55)
HSA (single) $4,300 +$1,000 (age 55)
457(b) governmental $23,500 +$7,500
529 superfund (one parent) $95,000 (5-yr election) N/A
Sources & Citations
  1. IRS Publication 560 (retirement plans for small business) [VERIFY 2026] - irs.gov
  2. IRS Publication 969 (HSAs and health plans) [VERIFY 2026] - irs.gov
  3. IRS Publication 590-A and 590-B (IRAs) [VERIFY 2026] - irs.gov
  4. IRS Section 529 - Qualified Tuition Programs [VERIFY 2026 limits] - irs.gov
  5. IRS Section 457 - Deferred Compensation Plans [VERIFY 2026] - irs.gov
  6. SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022 - 529 to Roth rollover provision - congress.gov

Last updated 2026-04-14. Not tax or legal advice.

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